Data sources
\nChannels: CTVBY, ONT TV Channel, NEWS.BY, SBTV, BelTA
\nPeriod: May 12\u201320, 2025
\nNumber of materials: 30 videos
\nMethod of analysis: FIMI\/DIMI framework, fact-checking, content analysis<\/p>\n
Evaluation criteria:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Manipulative techniques<\/li>\n
- Conspiratorial narratives<\/li>\n
- Societal polarization<\/li>\n
- Discrediting democratic institutions<\/li>\n
- Factual distortions
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/factcheck.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/category_analysis-1-scaled.png\")
<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n76 disinformation elements identified.
\nRisk level: High
\nSystematic disinformation.<\/p><\/blockquote>\nMain Types of Disinformation Narratives<\/strong>
\n1. Manipulation (37% of all narratives)<\/strong><\/div>\nManipulation<\/div>\nCharacteristics:<\/strong> Use of emotionally charged language, selective quoting, and context distortion to portray Polish elections negatively.<\/p>\n
Selective quoting<\/span>
\nEmotional exploitation<\/span>
\nConcept substitution<\/span>
\nContext distortion<\/span><\/div>\n
\nFact-checking Example
\n<\/strong><\/p>\nClaim:<\/strong> “Polish politicians are puppets of Brussels and Washington”<\/p>\n
Fact:<\/strong> Poland is a sovereign country with democratically elected authorities. EU and NATO membership is based on voluntary international agreements.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
2. Conspiracy (28% of all narratives)<\/strong><\/p>\n
Conspiracy Theories<\/div>\nCharacteristics:<\/strong> Promotion of unfounded theories about external control, manipulation, and hidden forces steering Polish politics.<\/p>\n
Appeal to conspiracy theories<\/span>
\nLack of evidence<\/span>
\nMisleading attribution<\/span><\/div>\n3. Polarization (23% of all narratives)<\/strong><\/p>\n
Polarization<\/div>\nCharacteristics:<\/strong> Artificial division of Polish society, creation of false dichotomies between “pro-American” and “pro-European” forces.<\/p>\n
4. Discreditation (12% of all narratives)<\/strong><\/p>\n
Discreditation<\/div>\nCharacteristics:<\/strong> Personal attacks on candidates, unfounded accusations of corruption and fraud.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/factcheck.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sentiment_timeline-1-scaled.png\")
<\/span><\/p>\nTimeline of Key Disinformation Campaigns<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\nMay 12\u201313<\/div>\nCampaign Launch<\/strong><\/p>\nLaunch of the narrative on \u201cpolitical chaos\u201d and \u201ca circus-like spectacle\u201d in Poland. Emphasis on external control.<\/p>\n
Medium Risk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nMay 14\u201316<\/div>\nEscalation<\/strong><\/p>\nIncrease in anti-Ukrainian rhetoric, accusations of a migration crisis, discreditation of candidates.<\/p>\n
High Risk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nMay 17\u201318<\/div>\nElection Day<\/strong><\/p>\nMass claims of violations, \u201cU.S. interference,\u201d voter bribery, and ballot manipulation.<\/p>\n
High Risk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nMay 19\u201320<\/div>\nPost-election<\/strong><\/p>\nInterpretation of results as a \u201csystemic crisis,\u201d forecasts of Poland\u2019s \u201cradicalization.\u201d<\/p>\n
Medium Risk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/factcheck.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/poland_manipulation.png\")
<\/span><\/p>\nKey Factual Distortions<\/strong><\/p>\nDistortion #1: \u201cMassive election violations\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\nClaim in video:<\/strong> \u201cOver 120 violations recorded\u201d<\/p>\n
Context:<\/strong> With over 31,000 polling stations, 120 incidents represent less than 0.4%. Most were minor procedural issues.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Distortion #2: \u201cU.S. funding\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\nClaim in video:<\/strong> \u201cU.S. Democratic Party funds Polish elections\u201d<\/p>\n
Fact:<\/strong> No direct evidence of illegal funding. International cooperation between NGOs is legal practice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Distortion #3: \u201cPoland is losing sovereignty\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\nClaim in video:<\/strong> \u201cPoland is a puppet of Brussels and Washington\u201d<\/p>\n
Fact:<\/strong> Poland conducts independent foreign and domestic policy within its international commitments.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/factcheck.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/wordcloud_advanced-1-scaled.png\")
<\/span><\/p>\nConclusions and Recommendations<\/strong><\/p>\n1. Systematic Nature of Disinformation<\/strong><\/p>\nThe analysis revealed a coordinated campaign to discredit the Polish electoral process using FIMI techniques (Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
2. Main Objectives of the Campaign<\/strong><\/p>\n- \n
- Undermining trust in Poland\u2019s democratic institutions<\/li>\n
- Increasing political polarization<\/li>\n
- Promoting narratives of foreign control<\/li>\n
- Discrediting European integration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n3. Counteraction Recommendations<\/strong><\/p>\n
- \n
- Media Literacy:<\/strong> Educating the audience to recognize manipulative techniques<\/li>\n
- Fact-checking:<\/strong> Prompt verification and refutation of false claims<\/li>\n
- Transparency:<\/strong> Clarifying real mechanisms of Polish democracy<\/li>\n
- Monitoring:<\/strong> Continuous monitoring of disinformation campaigns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
4. FIMI\/DIMI Indicators<\/strong><\/p>\nThe identified indicators align with Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference criteria:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Coordinated dissemination via state media<\/li>\n
- Use of manipulative techniques<\/li>\n
- Targeted discrediting of democratic processes<\/li>\n
- Promotion of polarizing narratives<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false,"raw":"Between May 12 and 20, 2025, 30 video materials from five Belarusian state-owned YouTube channels were analyzed, focusing on the first round of the presidential elections in Poland. The study revealed systematic use of manipulative techniques and disinformation narratives aimed at portraying the Polish electoral process negatively.\n\nMethodology<\/strong>\n\nData sources\nChannels: CTVBY, ONT TV Channel, NEWS.BY, SBTV, BelTA\nPeriod: May 12\u201320, 2025\nNumber of materials: 30 videos\nMethod of analysis: FIMI\/DIMI framework, fact-checking, content analysis\n\nEvaluation criteria:\n
- \n \t
- Manipulative techniques<\/li>\n \t
- Conspiratorial narratives<\/li>\n \t
- Societal polarization<\/li>\n \t
- Discrediting democratic institutions<\/li>\n \t
- Factual distortions <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
76 disinformation elements identified.\nRisk level: High\nSystematic disinformation.<\/blockquote>\n
Main Types of Disinformation Narratives<\/strong>\n1. Manipulation (37% of all narratives)<\/strong><\/div>\nManipulation<\/div>\nCharacteristics:<\/strong> Use of emotionally charged language, selective quoting, and context distortion to portray Polish elections negatively.<\/p>\n\n
Selective quoting<\/span>\nEmotional exploitation<\/span>\nConcept substitution<\/span>\nContext distortion<\/span><\/div>\n\nFact-checking Example\n<\/strong>\nClaim:<\/strong> \"Polish politicians are puppets of Brussels and Washington\"<\/p>\n
Fact:<\/strong> Poland is a sovereign country with democratically elected authorities. EU and NATO membership is based on voluntary international agreements.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n2. Conspiracy (28% of all narratives)<\/strong>\n
Conspiracy Theories<\/div>\nCharacteristics:<\/strong> Promotion of unfounded theories about external control, manipulation, and hidden forces steering Polish politics.<\/p>\n\n
Appeal to conspiracy theories<\/span>\nLack of evidence<\/span>\nMisleading attribution<\/span><\/div>\n3. Polarization (23% of all narratives)<\/strong>\nPolarization<\/div>\nCharacteristics:<\/strong> Artificial division of Polish society, creation of false dichotomies between \"pro-American\" and \"pro-European\" forces.<\/p>\n4. Discreditation (12% of all narratives)<\/strong>\n
Discreditation<\/div>\nCharacteristics:<\/strong> Personal attacks on candidates, unfounded accusations of corruption and fraud.<\/p>\n
\nTimeline of Key Disinformation Campaigns<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\nMay 12\u201313<\/div>\nCampaign Launch<\/strong>\nLaunch of the narrative on \u201cpolitical chaos\u201d and \u201ca circus-like spectacle\u201d in Poland. Emphasis on external control.<\/p>\n\n
Medium Risk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nMay 14\u201316<\/div>\nEscalation<\/strong>\nIncrease in anti-Ukrainian rhetoric, accusations of a migration crisis, discreditation of candidates.<\/p>\n\n
High Risk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nMay 17\u201318<\/div>\nElection Day<\/strong>\nMass claims of violations, \u201cU.S. interference,\u201d voter bribery, and ballot manipulation.<\/p>\n\n
High Risk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nMay 19\u201320<\/div>\nPost-election<\/strong>\nInterpretation of results as a \u201csystemic crisis,\u201d forecasts of Poland\u2019s \u201cradicalization.\u201d<\/p>\n\n
Medium Risk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nKey Factual Distortions<\/strong>\nDistortion #1: \u201cMassive election violations\u201d<\/strong>\nClaim in video:<\/strong> \u201cOver 120 violations recorded\u201d<\/p>\n
Context:<\/strong> With over 31,000 polling stations, 120 incidents represent less than 0.4%. Most were minor procedural issues.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n
Distortion #2: \u201cU.S. funding\u201d<\/strong>\nClaim in video:<\/strong> \u201cU.S. Democratic Party funds Polish elections\u201d<\/p>\n
Fact:<\/strong> No direct evidence of illegal funding. International cooperation between NGOs is legal practice.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n
Distortion #3: \u201cPoland is losing sovereignty\u201d<\/strong>\nClaim in video:<\/strong> \u201cPoland is a puppet of Brussels and Washington\u201d<\/p>\n
Fact:<\/strong> Poland conducts independent foreign and domestic policy within its international commitments.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\nConclusions and Recommendations<\/strong>\n1. Systematic Nature of Disinformation<\/strong>\nThe analysis revealed a coordinated campaign to discredit the Polish electoral process using FIMI techniques (Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n
2. Main Objectives of the Campaign<\/strong>\n- \n \t
- Undermining trust in Poland\u2019s democratic institutions<\/li>\n \t
- Increasing political polarization<\/li>\n \t
- Promoting narratives of foreign control<\/li>\n \t
- Discrediting European integration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n3. Counteraction Recommendations<\/strong>\n
- \n \t
- Media Literacy:<\/strong> Educating the audience to recognize manipulative techniques<\/li>\n \t
- Fact-checking:<\/strong> Prompt verification and refutation of false claims<\/li>\n \t
- Transparency:<\/strong> Clarifying real mechanisms of Polish democracy<\/li>\n \t
- Monitoring:<\/strong> Continuous monitoring of disinformation campaigns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
4. FIMI\/DIMI Indicators<\/strong>\nThe identified indicators align with Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference criteria:<\/p>\n\n
- \n \t
- Coordinated dissemination via state media<\/li>\n \t
- Use of manipulative techniques<\/li>\n \t
- Targeted discrediting of democratic processes<\/li>\n \t
- Promotion of polarizing narratives<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":3647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ru_post_content":"\u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0441 12 \u043f\u043e 20 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2025 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e 30 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 YouTube-\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430.\n\n\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f<\/strong>\n\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\n\u041a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b: CTVBY, ONT TV Channel, NEWS.BY, \u0421\u0411\u0422\u0412, \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0422\u0410\n\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434: 12-20 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2025 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\n\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432: 30 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\n\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430: FIMI\/DIMI framework, \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0447\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0433, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\n\n\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438:\n
- \n \t
- \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/li>\n \t
- \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b<\/li>\n \t
- \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/li>\n \t
- \u0414\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n \t
- \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/factcheck.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/category_analysis-scaled.png\")
<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0412\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 76 \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432.\n\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430: \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439\n\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/blockquote>\n
\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432<\/strong>\n1. \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f (37% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432)<\/strong><\/div>\n\u041c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/div>\n\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n
\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span>\n\u042d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/span>\n\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439<\/span>\n\u0418\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/span><\/div>\n\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0447\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\n<\/strong>\n\u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 - \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0411\u0440\u044e\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430\"<\/p>\n
\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442:<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0427\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0415\u0421 \u0438 \u041d\u0410\u0422\u041e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n2. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f (28% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432)<\/strong>\n
\u0422\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/div>\n\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0445, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n\n
\u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/span>\n\u041e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432<\/span>\n\u0412\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/span><\/div>\n3. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (23% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432)<\/strong>\n\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/div>\n\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438\" \u0438 \"\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438\" \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n4. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (12% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432)<\/strong>\n
\u0414\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/div>\n\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435.<\/p>\n
- Fact-checking:<\/strong> Prompt verification and refutation of false claims<\/li>\n \t
- Media Literacy:<\/strong> Educating the audience to recognize manipulative techniques<\/li>\n \t
- Fact-checking:<\/strong> Prompt verification and refutation of false claims<\/li>\n
- Media Literacy:<\/strong> Educating the audience to recognize manipulative techniques<\/li>\n