{"id":4487,"date":"2025-12-13T10:46:47","date_gmt":"2025-12-13T07:46:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/factcheck.lt\/?p=4487"},"modified":"2025-12-14T01:17:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T22:17:12","slug":"day13_south_africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/factcheck.lt\/lt\/news\/day13_south_africa\/","title":{"rendered":"13 diena: PAR - Kai demokratija susitinka su dezinformacija","raw":"13 diena: PAR - Kai demokratija susitinka su dezinformacija"},"content":{"rendered":"

Regionas:<\/strong> \ud83c\uddff\ud83c\udde6 Piet\u0173 Afrikos Respublika<\/p>\n

2024 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 29 d. piet\u0173 afrikie\u010diai balsavo rinkimuose, kuriuos daugelis pavadino svarbiausiais \u0161aliai nuo apartheido pabaigos 1994 m. Suskai\u010diavus balsus, Afrikos nacionalinis kongresas – Nelsono Mandelos partija, vald\u017eiusi be pertraukos 30 met\u0173 – pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 prarado parlamento daugum\u0105.1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

ANC gavo tik 40,18% bals\u0173, palyginti su 57,5% 2019 m. – did\u017eiausias kritimas partijos istorijoje. Demokrat\u0173 aljansas u\u017e\u0117m\u0117 antr\u0105 viet\u0105 su 21,81%. Ta\u010diau pagrindine istorija tapo tre\u010dia vieta: uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) partija, \u012fkurta vos prie\u0161 \u0161e\u0161is m\u0117nesius buvusio prezidento Jacobo Zumos, gavo 14,58% bals\u0173.2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

U\u017e \u0161io politinio \u017eem\u0117s dreb\u0117jimo slyp\u0117jo met\u0173 informacinio karo – atvejo studija, kaip u\u017esienio \u012ftakos operacijos, vidaus dezinformacija ir socialini\u0173 tinkl\u0173 manipuliacijos gali pakeisti visos tautos politik\u0105.<\/p>\n

Bell Pottinger precedentas<\/strong><\/p>\n

PAR pa\u017eeid\u017eiamumas informacin\u0117ms operacijoms buvo atskleistas prie\u0161 daugel\u012f met\u0173 iki 2024 m. balsavimo.<\/p>\n

2016 m. Londono PR firma \u201eBell Pottinger” buvo pasamdyta \u201eOakbay Capital” – kontroversi\u0161kos Gupt\u0173 \u0161eimos holdingo, turin\u010dios glaud\u017eius ry\u0161ius su tuometiniu prezidentu Jacobu Zuma. J\u0173 misija: nukreipti d\u0117mes\u012f nuo augan\u010di\u0173 korupcijos kaltinim\u0173 Zumos-Gupt\u0173 tinklui.3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Strategija buvo pra\u017e\u016btingai veiksminga. \u201eBell Pottinger” suk\u016br\u0117 106 netikras \u201eTwitter” paskyras ir paleido botus, kad skatint\u0173 naratyv\u0105, jog Gupt\u0173 ir Zumos kritikai yra \u201ebaltojo monopolinio kapitalo” agentai – fraz\u0117, skirta i\u0161naudoti gilias PAR rasines \u017eaizdas, likusias nuo apartheido.4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Kampanija buvo nukreipta prie\u0161 \u017eurnalistus, opozicijos politikus ir net finans\u0173 ministr\u0105 Pravin\u0105 Gordhan\u0105. Redaktor\u0117 Ferial Haffajee buvo pa\u017eenklinta hashtagu \u201e#pressitute”. Tikslas buvo ne tik apginti Guptas, bet performuluoti teis\u0117tas antikorupcines pastangas kaip rasistines atakas prie\u0161 juodaod\u017ei\u0173 \u012fgalinim\u0105.5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Vie\u0161\u0173j\u0173 ry\u0161i\u0173 ir komunikacij\u0173 asociacijos tyrimas nustat\u0117, kad \u201eBell Pottinger” darbas \u201egrei\u010diausiai sukels rasin\u0119 nesantaik\u0105” – grie\u017e\u010diausia sankcija organizacijos istorijoje. \u201eBell Pottinger” \u017elugo per kelis m\u0117nesius.6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Ta\u010diau \u017eala buvo padaryta. Fraz\u0117 \u201ebaltasis monopolinis kapitalas” \u012fsitvirtino Piet\u0173 Afrikos politiniame diskurse.7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Super\u012ftakotojas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kai Rusija 2022 m. vasar\u012f \u012fsiver\u017e\u0117 \u012f Ukrain\u0105, \u201eTwitter” buvo paleistos #IStandWithPutin ir #IStandWithRussia kampanijos. Piet\u0173 Afrikos \u012ftakojai suvaidino svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f.8<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Centre buvo Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla, Jacobo Zumos dukra.<\/p>\n

54 puslapi\u0173 Informacijos atsparumo centro (CIR) ataskaita dokumentavo, kaip Zuma-Sambudla veik\u0117 kaip prorus\u0173 kampanijos \u201esuper\u012ftakotoja” – daugiausiai perdalint\u0173 ir pamin\u0117t\u0173 vartotojas. Jos turinys buvo naudojamas kaip \u201ekopijuota-\u012fklijuota”, tira\u017euojamas kit\u0173 paskyr\u0173 visoje PAR ir u\u017e jos rib\u0173.9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u201e\u012erodymai \u012ftikinami”, – sak\u0117 CIR viceprezident\u0117 Nina Jankowicz. \u201eJi buvo ai\u0161ki kampanijos variklis ir atspirties ta\u0161kas daugeliui tvit\u0173, kurie v\u0117liau buvo tira\u017euojami Piet\u0173 Afrikos informacin\u0117je erdv\u0117je ir net toliau.”10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Zuma-Sambudla buvo ankstyva kampanijos hashtago naudotoja dar prie\u0161 jo oficial\u0173 paleidim\u0105 Rusijos valstybini\u0173 paskyr\u0173. Ji aplank\u0117 Rusij\u0105 kampanijos pabaigoje, skelbdama savo nuotraukas prie Peterhof r\u016bm\u0173 Sankt Peterburge. Ji para\u0161\u0117: \u201eA\u0161 did\u017eiuojuosi, kad esu piet\u0173 afrikiet\u0117, bet tapatinuosi kaip rus\u0117.”11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

CIR padar\u0117 i\u0161vad\u0105, kad \u201enepriklausomai nuo ketinim\u0173, Sambudla-Zuma paskyra buvo pagrindinis #IStandwithPutin trendo stiprintojas Piet\u0173 Afrikos Twitter bendruomen\u0117se”.12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Zumos ry\u0161ys su Rusija<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prorusi\u0161kas pozicionavimas nebuvo atsitiktinis. Jacobas Zuma per devynerius savo prezidentavimo metus (2009-2018) priartino PAR prie Maskvos.<\/p>\n

Jis u\u017etikrino PAR \u012fstojim\u0105 \u012f BRICS blok\u0105. Jis band\u0117 prastumti branduolin\u0117s energetikos sutart\u012f su Rusija, kuri gal\u0117jo kainuoti iki 100 mlrd. doleri\u0173.13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

2023 m. rugpj\u016bt\u012f PAR sureng\u0117 BRICS vir\u0161\u016bni\u0173 susitikim\u0105 Johanesburge. Putinas neatvyko – nes PAR kaip Tarptautinio baud\u017eiamojo teismo nar\u0117 b\u016bt\u0173 buvusi teisi\u0161kai \u012fpareigota j\u012f suimti d\u0117l karo nusikaltim\u0173 kaltinim\u0173.14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

2024 m. rinkimai: Informacinis m\u016b\u0161io laukas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Iki 2024 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s rinkim\u0173 PAR informacin\u0117 aplinka jau buvo pa\u017eeista.<\/p>\n

Afrikos strategini\u0173 studij\u0173 centras dokumentavo 11 dezinformacijos kampanij\u0173, nukreipt\u0173 \u012f PAR – kai kurios sukurtos Rusijos \u201eANC palaikymui”.15<\/a><\/sup> \u201eCode for Africa” atskleid\u0117 prorus\u0173 paskyr\u0173 tinkl\u0105, stiprinant\u012f nauj\u0105j\u0105 MK partij\u0105 ir teigian\u010di\u0105 apie JAV ki\u0161im\u0105si \u012f rinkimus.16<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0160alis buvo pa\u017eeid\u017eiama. Su 45,34 mln. interneto vartotoj\u0173 ir 26 mln. aktyvi\u0173 socialini\u0173 tinkl\u0173 vartotoj\u0173 (44% gyventoj\u0173), PAR yra viena i\u0161 labiausiai prie interneto prijungt\u0173 Afrikos \u0161ali\u0173. Vartotojai praleid\u017eia vidutini\u0161kai daugiau nei 9 valandas per dien\u0105 internete. WhatsApp, kur\u012f naudoja 93% interneto vartotoj\u0173, yra pagrindin\u0117 komunikacijos platforma – ir moderuojamos dezinformacijos magistral\u0117.17<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Atsirado deepfake vaizdo \u012fra\u0161as su buvusiu JAV prezidentu Donaldu Trumpu, tariamai palaikan\u010diu MK partij\u0105. J\u012f pasidalino Zuma-Sambudla – ne anonimin\u0117 paskyra, o vienas i\u0161 labiausiai dokumentuot\u0173 dezinformacijos stiprintoj\u0173 PAR.18<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

MK partijos fenomenas<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jacobas Zuma paskelb\u0117 apie pasitraukim\u0105 i\u0161 ANC 2023 m. gruod\u012f, apkaltindamas savo \u012fp\u0117din\u012f prezident\u0105 Cyril\u0105 Ramaphos\u0105, kad jis yra \u201ebaltojo monopolinio kapitalo marionet\u0117” – ta pati \u201eBell Pottinger” pas\u0117ta fraz\u0117 prie\u0161 kelet\u0105 met\u0173.19<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Jo naujoji partija, pavadinta istorinio ANC ginkluotojo sparno vardu, pateko \u012f balsavimo biuleten\u012f, nors pats Zuma buvo nu\u0161alintas nuo kandidatavimo d\u0117l ankstesnio teistumo. Konstitucinis teismas j\u012f pripa\u017eino netinkamu gegu\u017e\u0117s 20 d., likus vos devynioms dienoms iki rinkim\u0173.20<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

MK partijos kilimas buvo meteori\u0161kas. Su minimalia tradicine kampanijos veikla, bet galinga internetine operacija, ji gavo 14,58% nacionaliniu lygiu ir dominavo Zumos gimtajame KwaZulu-Natal provincijoje su beveik 46% bals\u0173 – palyginti su vos 18% ANC.21<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Prorus\u0173 paskyros, dokumentuotos \u201eCode for Africa”, stiprino MK partijos naratyvus, kartu skleisdamos teiginius, kad Rinkim\u0173 komisija yra pa\u017eeista ir kad bals\u0173 skai\u010diavimas tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti rankinis (jis jau buvo rankinis).22<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Pasekm\u0117s<\/strong><\/p>\n

ANC, pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 priverstas sudaryti koalicij\u0105, galiausiai susivienijo su Demokrat\u0173 aljansu – sukurdamas vyriausyb\u0119, kuri b\u016bt\u0173 buvusi ne\u012fsivaizduojama vos prie\u0161 kelet\u0105 met\u0173.23<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Rink\u0117j\u0173 aktyvumas pasiek\u0117 istori\u0161kai \u017eem\u0105 58,64% lyg\u012f. Atotr\u016bkis tarp 1994 m. euforijos ir 2024 m. nusivylimo atspind\u0117jo ne tik ANC valdymo nes\u0117kmes – nedarb\u0105, elektros tiekimo nutraukimus, korupcij\u0105 – bet ir susiskaid\u017eiusi\u0105 informacin\u0119 aplink\u0105, kurioje pilie\u010diai sunkiai atskyr\u0117 ties\u0105 nuo manipuliacij\u0173.24<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

PAR patirtis yra persp\u0117jimas: informacin\u0117s operacijos ne tik daro \u012ftak\u0105 rinkimams. Jos gali formuoti tautos trajektorij\u0105 de\u0161imtme\u010diams, i\u0161naudodamos istorines \u017eaizdas, stiprindamos susiskaidym\u0105 ir darydamos pat\u012f demokratin\u012f valdym\u0105 vis trapesn\u012f.<\/p>\n

\u0160altiniai<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nFootnotes<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n

    Al Jazeera, “South Africa’s ANC loses 30-year parliamentary majority”<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelio 1 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Al Jazeera, “South Africa elections final results”<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelio 2 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    TIME, “Bell Pottinger Disgraced in South Africa Race Scandal”<\/a>, 2017 m. rugs\u0117jo 5 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, “Bell Pottinger ‘incited racial hatred'”<\/a>, 2017 m. rugs\u0117jo 5 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Mail & Guardian, “For whom the Bell tolls”<\/a>, 2020 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 29 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  6. \n

    Wikipedia, “Bell Pottinger”<\/a>. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  7. \n

    Daily Maverick, “Bell Pottinger Exposed”<\/a>, 2020 m. rugpj\u016b\u010dio 21 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  8. \n

    Centre for Information Resilience, “The #IStandWithPutin campaign in South Africa”<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  9. \n

    Daily Maverick, “Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla at centre of Russian Twitter drive”<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 10 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  10. \n

    News24, “Zuma’s daughter is a Russian Twitter campaign ‘super influencer'”<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 10 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  11. \n

    Daily Maverick, “Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla at centre of Russian Twitter drive”<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 10 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  12. \n

    Centre for Information Resilience, “The #IStandWithPutin campaign”<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  13. \n

    Moneyweb, “Russian Twitter drive has Zuma daughter at center”<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 10 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  14. \n

    Foreign Policy Research Institute, “The Dragon and the Bear in Africa”<\/a>, 2023 m. lapkritis. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  15. \n

    Daily Maverick, “Africa the target of a disinformation tsunami”<\/a>, 2024 m. kovo 19 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  16. \n

    African Digital Democracy Observatory, “Unravel South Africa’s election chaos”<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelis. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  17. \n

    ISS African Futures, “Disinformation, governance and the South African election”<\/a>, 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  18. \n

    ISS African Futures, “Disinformation, governance and the South African election”<\/a>, 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  19. \n

    Wikipedia, “2024 South African general election”<\/a>. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  20. \n

    CBS News, “Why did Nelson Mandela’s ANC lose its majority”<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelio 3 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  21. \n

    NPR, “South Africa election results: ANC loses majority”<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelio 1 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  22. \n

    African Digital Democracy Observatory, “Unravel South Africa’s election chaos”<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelis. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  23. \n

    Wikipedia, “2024 South African general election”<\/a>. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  24. \n

    Al Jazeera, “South Africa elections final results”<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelio 2 d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false,"raw":"Regionas:<\/strong> \ud83c\uddff\ud83c\udde6 Piet\u0173 Afrikos Respublika\r\n

    2024 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 29 d. piet\u0173 afrikie\u010diai balsavo rinkimuose, kuriuos daugelis pavadino svarbiausiais \u0161aliai nuo apartheido pabaigos 1994 m. Suskai\u010diavus balsus, Afrikos nacionalinis kongresas - Nelsono Mandelos partija, vald\u017eiusi be pertraukos 30 met\u0173 - pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 prarado parlamento daugum\u0105.1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    ANC gavo tik 40,18% bals\u0173, palyginti su 57,5% 2019 m. - did\u017eiausias kritimas partijos istorijoje. Demokrat\u0173 aljansas u\u017e\u0117m\u0117 antr\u0105 viet\u0105 su 21,81%. Ta\u010diau pagrindine istorija tapo tre\u010dia vieta: uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) partija, \u012fkurta vos prie\u0161 \u0161e\u0161is m\u0117nesius buvusio prezidento Jacobo Zumos, gavo 14,58% bals\u0173.2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    U\u017e \u0161io politinio \u017eem\u0117s dreb\u0117jimo slyp\u0117jo met\u0173 informacinio karo - atvejo studija, kaip u\u017esienio \u012ftakos operacijos, vidaus dezinformacija ir socialini\u0173 tinkl\u0173 manipuliacijos gali pakeisti visos tautos politik\u0105.<\/p>\r\n\r\nBell Pottinger precedentas<\/strong>\r\n

    PAR pa\u017eeid\u017eiamumas informacin\u0117ms operacijoms buvo atskleistas prie\u0161 daugel\u012f met\u0173 iki 2024 m. balsavimo.<\/p>\r\n

    2016 m. Londono PR firma \u201eBell Pottinger\" buvo pasamdyta \u201eOakbay Capital\" - kontroversi\u0161kos Gupt\u0173 \u0161eimos holdingo, turin\u010dios glaud\u017eius ry\u0161ius su tuometiniu prezidentu Jacobu Zuma. J\u0173 misija: nukreipti d\u0117mes\u012f nuo augan\u010di\u0173 korupcijos kaltinim\u0173 Zumos-Gupt\u0173 tinklui.3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    Strategija buvo pra\u017e\u016btingai veiksminga. \u201eBell Pottinger\" suk\u016br\u0117 106 netikras \u201eTwitter\" paskyras ir paleido botus, kad skatint\u0173 naratyv\u0105, jog Gupt\u0173 ir Zumos kritikai yra \u201ebaltojo monopolinio kapitalo\" agentai - fraz\u0117, skirta i\u0161naudoti gilias PAR rasines \u017eaizdas, likusias nuo apartheido.4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    Kampanija buvo nukreipta prie\u0161 \u017eurnalistus, opozicijos politikus ir net finans\u0173 ministr\u0105 Pravin\u0105 Gordhan\u0105. Redaktor\u0117 Ferial Haffajee buvo pa\u017eenklinta hashtagu \u201e#pressitute\". Tikslas buvo ne tik apginti Guptas, bet performuluoti teis\u0117tas antikorupcines pastangas kaip rasistines atakas prie\u0161 juodaod\u017ei\u0173 \u012fgalinim\u0105.5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    Vie\u0161\u0173j\u0173 ry\u0161i\u0173 ir komunikacij\u0173 asociacijos tyrimas nustat\u0117, kad \u201eBell Pottinger\" darbas \u201egrei\u010diausiai sukels rasin\u0119 nesantaik\u0105\" - grie\u017e\u010diausia sankcija organizacijos istorijoje. \u201eBell Pottinger\" \u017elugo per kelis m\u0117nesius.6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    Ta\u010diau \u017eala buvo padaryta. Fraz\u0117 \u201ebaltasis monopolinis kapitalas\" \u012fsitvirtino Piet\u0173 Afrikos politiniame diskurse.7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\nSuper\u012ftakotojas<\/strong>\r\n

    Kai Rusija 2022 m. vasar\u012f \u012fsiver\u017e\u0117 \u012f Ukrain\u0105, \u201eTwitter\" buvo paleistos #IStandWithPutin ir #IStandWithRussia kampanijos. Piet\u0173 Afrikos \u012ftakojai suvaidino svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f.8<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    Centre buvo Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla, Jacobo Zumos dukra.<\/p>\r\n

    54 puslapi\u0173 Informacijos atsparumo centro (CIR) ataskaita dokumentavo, kaip Zuma-Sambudla veik\u0117 kaip prorus\u0173 kampanijos \u201esuper\u012ftakotoja\" - daugiausiai perdalint\u0173 ir pamin\u0117t\u0173 vartotojas. Jos turinys buvo naudojamas kaip \u201ekopijuota-\u012fklijuota\", tira\u017euojamas kit\u0173 paskyr\u0173 visoje PAR ir u\u017e jos rib\u0173.9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    \u201e\u012erodymai \u012ftikinami\", - sak\u0117 CIR viceprezident\u0117 Nina Jankowicz. \u201eJi buvo ai\u0161ki kampanijos variklis ir atspirties ta\u0161kas daugeliui tvit\u0173, kurie v\u0117liau buvo tira\u017euojami Piet\u0173 Afrikos informacin\u0117je erdv\u0117je ir net toliau.\"10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    Zuma-Sambudla buvo ankstyva kampanijos hashtago naudotoja dar prie\u0161 jo oficial\u0173 paleidim\u0105 Rusijos valstybini\u0173 paskyr\u0173. Ji aplank\u0117 Rusij\u0105 kampanijos pabaigoje, skelbdama savo nuotraukas prie Peterhof r\u016bm\u0173 Sankt Peterburge. Ji para\u0161\u0117: \u201eA\u0161 did\u017eiuojuosi, kad esu piet\u0173 afrikiet\u0117, bet tapatinuosi kaip rus\u0117.\"11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    CIR padar\u0117 i\u0161vad\u0105, kad \u201enepriklausomai nuo ketinim\u0173, Sambudla-Zuma paskyra buvo pagrindinis #IStandwithPutin trendo stiprintojas Piet\u0173 Afrikos Twitter bendruomen\u0117se\".12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\nZumos ry\u0161ys su Rusija<\/strong>\r\n

    Prorusi\u0161kas pozicionavimas nebuvo atsitiktinis. Jacobas Zuma per devynerius savo prezidentavimo metus (2009-2018) priartino PAR prie Maskvos.<\/p>\r\n

    Jis u\u017etikrino PAR \u012fstojim\u0105 \u012f BRICS blok\u0105. Jis band\u0117 prastumti branduolin\u0117s energetikos sutart\u012f su Rusija, kuri gal\u0117jo kainuoti iki 100 mlrd. doleri\u0173.13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    2023 m. rugpj\u016bt\u012f PAR sureng\u0117 BRICS vir\u0161\u016bni\u0173 susitikim\u0105 Johanesburge. Putinas neatvyko - nes PAR kaip Tarptautinio baud\u017eiamojo teismo nar\u0117 b\u016bt\u0173 buvusi teisi\u0161kai \u012fpareigota j\u012f suimti d\u0117l karo nusikaltim\u0173 kaltinim\u0173.14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n2024 m. rinkimai: Informacinis m\u016b\u0161io laukas<\/strong>\r\n

    Iki 2024 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s rinkim\u0173 PAR informacin\u0117 aplinka jau buvo pa\u017eeista.<\/p>\r\n

    Afrikos strategini\u0173 studij\u0173 centras dokumentavo 11 dezinformacijos kampanij\u0173, nukreipt\u0173 \u012f PAR - kai kurios sukurtos Rusijos \u201eANC palaikymui\".15<\/a><\/sup> \u201eCode for Africa\" atskleid\u0117 prorus\u0173 paskyr\u0173 tinkl\u0105, stiprinant\u012f nauj\u0105j\u0105 MK partij\u0105 ir teigian\u010di\u0105 apie JAV ki\u0161im\u0105si \u012f rinkimus.16<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    \u0160alis buvo pa\u017eeid\u017eiama. Su 45,34 mln. interneto vartotoj\u0173 ir 26 mln. aktyvi\u0173 socialini\u0173 tinkl\u0173 vartotoj\u0173 (44% gyventoj\u0173), PAR yra viena i\u0161 labiausiai prie interneto prijungt\u0173 Afrikos \u0161ali\u0173. Vartotojai praleid\u017eia vidutini\u0161kai daugiau nei 9 valandas per dien\u0105 internete. WhatsApp, kur\u012f naudoja 93% interneto vartotoj\u0173, yra pagrindin\u0117 komunikacijos platforma - ir moderuojamos dezinformacijos magistral\u0117.17<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    Atsirado deepfake vaizdo \u012fra\u0161as su buvusiu JAV prezidentu Donaldu Trumpu, tariamai palaikan\u010diu MK partij\u0105. J\u012f pasidalino Zuma-Sambudla - ne anonimin\u0117 paskyra, o vienas i\u0161 labiausiai dokumentuot\u0173 dezinformacijos stiprintoj\u0173 PAR.18<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\nMK partijos fenomenas<\/strong>\r\n

    Jacobas Zuma paskelb\u0117 apie pasitraukim\u0105 i\u0161 ANC 2023 m. gruod\u012f, apkaltindamas savo \u012fp\u0117din\u012f prezident\u0105 Cyril\u0105 Ramaphos\u0105, kad jis yra \u201ebaltojo monopolinio kapitalo marionet\u0117\" - ta pati \u201eBell Pottinger\" pas\u0117ta fraz\u0117 prie\u0161 kelet\u0105 met\u0173.19<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    Jo naujoji partija, pavadinta istorinio ANC ginkluotojo sparno vardu, pateko \u012f balsavimo biuleten\u012f, nors pats Zuma buvo nu\u0161alintas nuo kandidatavimo d\u0117l ankstesnio teistumo. Konstitucinis teismas j\u012f pripa\u017eino netinkamu gegu\u017e\u0117s 20 d., likus vos devynioms dienoms iki rinkim\u0173.20<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    MK partijos kilimas buvo meteori\u0161kas. Su minimalia tradicine kampanijos veikla, bet galinga internetine operacija, ji gavo 14,58% nacionaliniu lygiu ir dominavo Zumos gimtajame KwaZulu-Natal provincijoje su beveik 46% bals\u0173 - palyginti su vos 18% ANC.21<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    Prorus\u0173 paskyros, dokumentuotos \u201eCode for Africa\", stiprino MK partijos naratyvus, kartu skleisdamos teiginius, kad Rinkim\u0173 komisija yra pa\u017eeista ir kad bals\u0173 skai\u010diavimas tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti rankinis (jis jau buvo rankinis).22<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\nPasekm\u0117s<\/strong>\r\n

    ANC, pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 priverstas sudaryti koalicij\u0105, galiausiai susivienijo su Demokrat\u0173 aljansu - sukurdamas vyriausyb\u0119, kuri b\u016bt\u0173 buvusi ne\u012fsivaizduojama vos prie\u0161 kelet\u0105 met\u0173.23<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    Rink\u0117j\u0173 aktyvumas pasiek\u0117 istori\u0161kai \u017eem\u0105 58,64% lyg\u012f. Atotr\u016bkis tarp 1994 m. euforijos ir 2024 m. nusivylimo atspind\u0117jo ne tik ANC valdymo nes\u0117kmes - nedarb\u0105, elektros tiekimo nutraukimus, korupcij\u0105 - bet ir susiskaid\u017eiusi\u0105 informacin\u0119 aplink\u0105, kurioje pilie\u010diai sunkiai atskyr\u0117 ties\u0105 nuo manipuliacij\u0173.24<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

    PAR patirtis yra persp\u0117jimas: informacin\u0117s operacijos ne tik daro \u012ftak\u0105 rinkimams. Jos gali formuoti tautos trajektorij\u0105 de\u0161imtme\u010diams, i\u0161naudodamos istorines \u017eaizdas, stiprindamos susiskaidym\u0105 ir darydamos pat\u012f demokratin\u012f valdym\u0105 vis trapesn\u012f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\u0160altiniai<\/strong>\r\n

    \r\nFootnotes<\/strong>\r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. \r\n

      Al Jazeera, \"South Africa's ANC loses 30-year parliamentary majority\"<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelio 1 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    2. \r\n

      Al Jazeera, \"South Africa elections final results\"<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelio 2 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    3. \r\n

      TIME, \"Bell Pottinger Disgraced in South Africa Race Scandal\"<\/a>, 2017 m. rugs\u0117jo 5 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    4. \r\n

      The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, \"Bell Pottinger 'incited racial hatred'\"<\/a>, 2017 m. rugs\u0117jo 5 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    5. \r\n

      Mail & Guardian, \"For whom the Bell tolls\"<\/a>, 2020 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 29 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    6. \r\n

      Wikipedia, \"Bell Pottinger\"<\/a>. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    7. \r\n

      Daily Maverick, \"Bell Pottinger Exposed\"<\/a>, 2020 m. rugpj\u016b\u010dio 21 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    8. \r\n

      Centre for Information Resilience, \"The #IStandWithPutin campaign in South Africa\"<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    9. \r\n

      Daily Maverick, \"Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla at centre of Russian Twitter drive\"<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 10 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    10. \r\n

      News24, \"Zuma's daughter is a Russian Twitter campaign 'super influencer'\"<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 10 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    11. \r\n

      Daily Maverick, \"Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla at centre of Russian Twitter drive\"<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 10 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    12. \r\n

      Centre for Information Resilience, \"The #IStandWithPutin campaign\"<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    13. \r\n

      Moneyweb, \"Russian Twitter drive has Zuma daughter at center\"<\/a>, 2023 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 10 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    14. \r\n

      Foreign Policy Research Institute, \"The Dragon and the Bear in Africa\"<\/a>, 2023 m. lapkritis. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    15. \r\n

      Daily Maverick, \"Africa the target of a disinformation tsunami\"<\/a>, 2024 m. kovo 19 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    16. \r\n

      African Digital Democracy Observatory, \"Unravel South Africa's election chaos\"<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelis. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    17. \r\n

      ISS African Futures, \"Disinformation, governance and the South African election\"<\/a>, 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    18. \r\n

      ISS African Futures, \"Disinformation, governance and the South African election\"<\/a>, 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    19. \r\n

      Wikipedia, \"2024 South African general election\"<\/a>. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    20. \r\n

      CBS News, \"Why did Nelson Mandela's ANC lose its majority\"<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelio 3 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    21. \r\n

      NPR, \"South Africa election results: ANC loses majority\"<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelio 1 d. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    22. \r\n

      African Digital Democracy Observatory, \"Unravel South Africa's election chaos\"<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelis. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    23. \r\n

      Wikipedia, \"2024 South African general election\"<\/a>. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

    24. \r\n

      Al Jazeera, \"South Africa elections final results\"<\/a>, 2024 m. bir\u017eelio 2 d.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/section>"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":4488,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_ru_post_content":"\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d:<\/strong> \ud83c\uddff\ud83c\udde6 \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e-\u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\r\n

      29 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0432 1994 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u2014 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f 30 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u2014 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0410\u041d\u041a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c 40,18% \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 57,5% \u0432 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u2014 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441 21,81%. \u041d\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e: \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0417\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 14,58% \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432.2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0417\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 Bell Pottinger<\/strong>\r\n

      \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u042e\u0410\u0420 \u043a \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\r\n

      \u0412 2016 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f PR-\u0444\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0430 Bell Pottinger \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Oakbay Capital \u2014 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043f\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0417\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0439. \u0418\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f: \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430-\u0413\u0443\u043f\u0442\u0430.3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439. Bell Pottinger \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 106 \u0444\u0435\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 Twitter-\u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u043f\u0442 \u0438 \u0417\u0443\u043c\u044b \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u00ab\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u00bb \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u042e\u0410\u0420, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0434\u0430.4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u041a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043f\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0425\u0430\u0444\u0444\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u044d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043c \u00ab#pressitute\u00bb. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0413\u0443\u043f\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445.5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044f\u043c \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 Bell Pottinger \u00ab\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0436\u0436\u0451\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044c\u00bb \u2014 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. Bell Pottinger \u043e\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432.6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u041d\u043e \u0443\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0431 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0451\u043d. \u0424\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u00ab\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u00bb \u0443\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0451 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442... \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb.7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n\u0421\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043b\u044e\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440<\/strong>\r\n

      \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435 2022 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0432 Twitter \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 #IStandWithPutin \u0438 #IStandWithRussia. \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043b\u044e\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0441\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c.8<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0412 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0414\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430-\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043b\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0417\u0443\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\r\n

      54-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CIR) \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430-\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043b\u044e\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0430\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0415\u0451 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u00bb, \u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u042e\u0410\u0420 \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0451 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438.9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u00ab\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u00bb, \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0446\u0435-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 CIR \u041d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u042f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447. \u00ab\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u00bb.10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430-\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0445\u044d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0434\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0443 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430: \u00ab\u042f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0443\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u044e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f\u00bb.11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      CIR \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043b\u0430-\u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 #IStandwithPutin \u0432 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 Twitter\u00bb.12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0451 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430-\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 RT (\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0421\u041c\u0418): \u00ab\u042f \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435, \u0438 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044b... \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u00bb.13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0417\u0443\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439<\/strong>\r\n

      \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0431 \u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (2009-2018) \u0441\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043b \u042e\u0410\u0420 \u0441 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\r\n

      \u041e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u042e\u0410\u0420 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0411\u0420\u0418\u041a\u0421. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e $100 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432.14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u00ab\u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0410\u0422\u041e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0443\u00bb.15<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0412 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 2023 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u042e\u0410\u0420 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0411\u0420\u0418\u041a\u0421 \u0432 \u0419\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u042e\u0410\u0420 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0411\u0420\u0418\u041a\u0421, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u0421\u0430\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044e, \u041e\u0410\u042d, \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u042d\u0444\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e.16<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b 2024: \u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u044f<\/strong>\r\n

      \u041a \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u042e\u0410\u0420 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\r\n

      \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b 11 \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u042e\u0410\u0420 \u2014 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u00ab\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0410\u041d\u041a\u00bb.17<\/a><\/sup> Code for Africa \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044e MK \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b.18<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430. \u0421 45,34 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 26 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 (44% \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f), \u042e\u0410\u0420 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 9 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d. WhatsApp, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 93% \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u2014 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.19<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0438\u043f\u0444\u0435\u0439\u043a-\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u0441 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044e MK. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430-\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043b\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442, \u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u042e\u0410\u0420.20<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0451\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 Real411 \u2014 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0431 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434. \u041d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 WhatsApp \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c.21<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n\u0424\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 MK<\/strong>\r\n

      \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0431 \u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043e \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u041d\u041a \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 2023 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u00ab\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u00bb \u2014 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f Bell Pottinger \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435.22<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0410\u041d\u041a, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u044e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0417\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0451\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c 20 \u043c\u0430\u044f, \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432.23<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u0412\u0437\u043b\u0451\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 MK \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 14,58% \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0417\u0443\u043c\u044b \u041a\u0432\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0443-\u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 46% \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c 18% \u0443 \u0410\u041d\u041a.24<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 Code for Africa, \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 MK, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c (\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c).25<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f MK \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.26<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/strong>\r\n

      \u0410\u041d\u041a, \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0432 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043c \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434.27<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u042f\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0432 58,64%. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u044d\u0439\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 1994 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c 2024-\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0410\u041d\u041a \u2014 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044e \u2014 \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0439.28<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      ISS Africa \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u00bb, \u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0421\u041c\u0418\u00bb \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.29<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u041d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0411\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u044e\u043b\u0435 2021 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0417\u0443\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0443, \u0443\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 350 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u00ab\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432... \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0451\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f\u00bb.30<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

      \u041e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u042e\u0410\u0420 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c: \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0438\u043c.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong>\r\n

      \r\nFootnotes<\/strong>\r\n
        \r\n \t
      1. \r\n

        Al Jazeera, \"South Africa's ANC loses 30-year parliamentary majority after election\"<\/a>, 1 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      2. \r\n

        Al Jazeera, \"South Africa elections final results: What happens next?\"<\/a>, 2 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      3. \r\n

        TIME, \"Bell Pottinger Disgraced in South Africa Race Scandal\"<\/a>, 5 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2017. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      4. \r\n

        The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, \"Bell Pottinger 'incited racial hatred' in South Africa\"<\/a>, 5 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2017. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      5. \r\n

        Mail & Guardian, \"For whom the Bell tolls\"<\/a>, 29 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2020. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      6. \r\n

        Wikipedia, \"Bell Pottinger\"<\/a>. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      7. \r\n

        Daily Maverick, \"Bell Pottinger Exposed: Influence unpacks the evils of disinformation\"<\/a>, 21 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 2020. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      8. \r\n

        Centre for Information Resilience, \"The #IStandWithPutin & #IStandWithRussia campaign in South Africa\"<\/a>, \u043c\u0430\u0439 2023. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      9. \r\n

        Daily Maverick, \"Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla at centre of Russian Twitter drive\"<\/a>, 10 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2023. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      10. \r\n

        News24, \"Zuma's daughter is a Russian Twitter campaign 'super influencer'\"<\/a>, 10 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2023. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      11. \r\n

        Daily Maverick, \"Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla at centre of Russian Twitter drive\"<\/a>, 10 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2023. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      12. \r\n

        Centre for Information Resilience, \"The #IStandWithPutin & #IStandWithRussia campaign in South Africa\"<\/a>, \u043c\u0430\u0439 2023. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      13. \r\n

        IOL, \"I stand with Putin and I'm not paid for it, says Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla\"<\/a>, 14 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2023. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      14. \r\n

        Moneyweb, \"Russian Twitter drive has Zuma daughter at center\"<\/a>, 10 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2023. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      15. \r\n

        Times Live, \"Duduzile sings Putin's praises\"<\/a>, 11 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2023. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      16. \r\n

        Foreign Policy Research Institute, \"The Dragon and the Bear in Africa\"<\/a>, \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2023. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      17. \r\n

        Daily Maverick, \"Africa the target of a disinformation tsunami\"<\/a>, 19 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      18. \r\n

        African Digital Democracy Observatory, \"Unravel South Africa's election chaos and Zuma's influence\"<\/a>, \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044c 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      19. \r\n

        ISS African Futures, \"Disinformation, governance and the South African election\"<\/a>, 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      20. \r\n

        ISS African Futures, \"Disinformation, governance and the South African election\"<\/a>, 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      21. \r\n

        Daily Maverick, \"SA's 2024 elections must be strongly prepared\"<\/a>, 18 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      22. \r\n

        Wikipedia, \"2024 South African general election\"<\/a>. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      23. \r\n

        CBS News, \"Why did Nelson Mandela's ANC lose its majority\"<\/a>, 3 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      24. \r\n

        NPR, \"South Africa election results: ANC loses majority for first time\"<\/a>, 1 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      25. \r\n

        African Digital Democracy Observatory, \"Unravel South Africa's election chaos\"<\/a>, \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044c 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      26. \r\n

        The Conversation, \"South Africa election: ANC's lost majority ushers in a new era\"<\/a>, \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044c 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      27. \r\n

        Wikipedia, \"2024 South African general election\"<\/a>. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      28. \r\n

        Al Jazeera, \"South Africa elections final results\"<\/a>, 2 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 2024. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      29. \r\n

        ISS Africa, \"Foreign interest in Africa comes with damaging disinformation tactics\"<\/a>, 2025. \u21a9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t

      30. \r\n

        ISS African Futures, \"Disinformation, governance and the South African election\"<\/a>, 2024.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/section> ","_ru_post_name":"day13_south_africa","_ru_post_excerpt":"","_ru_post_title":"\u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c 13: \u042e\u0410\u0420 - \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439","_eng_post_content":"Region:<\/strong> \ud83c\uddff\ud83c\udde6 South Africa\r\n

        On May 29, 2024, South Africans voted in what many called the country's most important election since the end of apartheid in 1994. When the votes were counted, the African National Congress - the party of Nelson Mandela that had governed uninterrupted for 30 years - lost its parliamentary majority for the first time.1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        The ANC received just 40.18% of the vote, down from 57.5% in 2019 - the steepest fall in the party's history. The Democratic Alliance came second with 21.81%. But the real story was third place: the uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) Party, founded just six months earlier by disgraced former president Jacob Zuma, captured 14.58% of the vote.2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        Behind this political earthquake lay years of information warfare - a case study in how foreign influence operations, domestic disinformation, and social media manipulation can reshape a nation's politics.<\/p>\r\n\r\nThe Bell Pottinger Precedent<\/strong>\r\n

        South Africa's vulnerability to information operations was exposed years before the 2024 vote.<\/p>\r\n

        In 2016, the London-based PR firm Bell Pottinger was hired by Oakbay Capital, the holding company of the controversial Gupta family, who had close ties to then-President Jacob Zuma. Their mission: deflect mounting corruption allegations against the Zuma-Gupta network.3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        The strategy was devastatingly effective. Bell Pottinger created 106 fake Twitter accounts and deployed bots to push a narrative that critics of the Guptas and Zuma were agents of \"white monopoly capital\" - a phrase designed to exploit South Africa's deep racial wounds from apartheid.4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        The campaign targeted journalists, opposition politicians, and even Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan. Editor Ferial Haffajee was branded a \"#pressitute.\" The goal was not merely to defend the Guptas but to reframe legitimate anti-corruption efforts as racist attacks on black empowerment.5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        The Public Relations and Communications Association investigation found Bell Pottinger's work would \"likely inflame racial discord\" - the harshest sanction in the organization's history. Bell Pottinger collapsed within months.6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        But the damage was done. The phrase \"white monopoly capital\" had embedded itself in South African political discourse. As one researcher noted, the campaign \"showed those that would perpetuate this information and use it for political means what works and what doesn't... division, creating mistrust between different groups and communities, and sowing hatred.\"7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\nThe Super Influencer<\/strong>\r\n

        When Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, the #IStandWithPutin and #IStandWithRussia campaigns launched on Twitter. South African influencers played a prominent role.8<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        At the center was Duduzile Zuma-Sambudla, Jacob Zuma's daughter.<\/p>\r\n

        A 54-page report by the Centre for Information Resilience documented how Zuma-Sambudla acted as a \"super influencer\" for the pro-Russia campaign - the most retweeted and mentioned user. Her content was used as \"copypasta,\" replicated by other accounts across South Africa and beyond.9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        \"The evidence is compelling,\" said CIR vice-president Nina Jankowicz. \"She was a clear driver of the campaign and the origin point for many of the tweets that were replicated around the South African information environment, and eventually even further afield.\"10<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        Zuma-Sambudla was an early adopter of the campaign hashtag before its official launch by Russian government accounts. She visited Russia toward the end of the campaign, posting photos of herself at the Peterhof Palace in St. Petersburg. She tweeted: \"I Am A Proud South African But I Identify As A Russian.\"11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        The CIR concluded that \"regardless of intent, the Sambudla-Zuma account has been the main amplifier of the #IStandwithPutin trend in South African communities on Twitter.\"12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        When confronted, Zuma-Sambudla told RT (Russian state media): \"I am an individual, I am my own person, and I carry my own views... I am not being paid by Moscow.\"13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\nThe Zuma-Russia Connection<\/strong>\r\n

        The pro-Russia positioning was not random. Jacob Zuma had spent his nine-year presidency (2009-2018) drawing South Africa closer to Moscow.<\/p>\r\n

        He secured South Africa's entry into the BRICS bloc. He attempted to push through a nuclear power contract with Russia that could have cost as much as $100 billion.14<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        When Russia invaded Ukraine, Zuma released a statement declaring full support for Putin, claiming he had been \"consistent in his stance against the eastern expansion of NATO into Ukraine.\"15<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        In August 2023, South Africa hosted the BRICS summit in Johannesburg. Putin did not attend - because South Africa, as a member of the International Criminal Court, would have been legally obligated to arrest him on war crimes charges. The summit expanded BRICS to include Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, and Ethiopia.16<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\nElection 2024: The Information Battlefield<\/strong>\r\n

        As South Africa approached its May 2024 elections, the information environment was already compromised.<\/p>\r\n

        The Africa Center for Strategic Studies documented 11 disinformation campaigns targeting South Africa - some designed by Russia \"to boost the ANC.\"17<\/a><\/sup> Code for Africa uncovered a network of pro-Russian accounts amplifying the newly formed MK Party and claiming US interference in the elections.18<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        The country was vulnerable. With 45.34 million internet users and 26 million active on social media (44% of the population), South Africa ranks among the most internet-connected nations in Africa. Users spend an average of over 9 hours daily online. WhatsApp, used by 93% of internet users, serves as the primary communication platform - and a highway for unmoderated disinformation.19<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        A deepfake video emerged showing former US President Donald Trump apparently endorsing the MK Party. It was shared by Zuma-Sambudla - not from an anonymous account, but from one of South Africa's most documented disinformation amplifiers.20<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        The Electoral Commission partnered with social media platforms and created Real411, a complaints platform for online harms. But WhatsApp's encrypted nature made tracking disinformation nearly impossible.21<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\nThe MK Party Phenomenon<\/strong>\r\n

        Jacob Zuma announced his departure from the ANC in December 2023, accusing his successor President Cyril Ramaphosa of serving as a \"proxy for white monopoly capital\" - the same Bell Pottinger-seeded phrase from years earlier.22<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        His new party, named after the ANC's historic armed wing, appeared on the ballot despite Zuma himself being barred from standing due to a criminal conviction. The Constitutional Court ruled him ineligible on May 20, just nine days before the election.23<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        The MK Party's rise was meteoric. With minimal traditional campaign presence but a formidable online operation, it captured 14.58% nationally and dominated Zuma's home province of KwaZulu-Natal with nearly 46% of the vote - compared to just 18% for the ANC.24<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        Pro-Russian accounts documented by Code for Africa amplified MK Party narratives while spreading claims that the Electoral Commission was compromised and that vote counting should be manual (it already was).25<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        After the results, MK Party demanded a manual recount and challenged the election's legitimacy - without providing evidence. The election was declared free and fair by independent observers.26<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\nThe Aftermath<\/strong>\r\n

        The ANC, forced into coalition for the first time, ultimately partnered with the Democratic Alliance - creating a government that would have been unthinkable just years earlier.27<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        Voter turnout hit a historic low of 58.64%. The gap between the euphoria of 1994 and the disillusionment of 2024 reflected not just ANC governance failures - unemployment, power cuts, corruption - but a fractured information environment where citizens struggled to distinguish truth from manipulation.28<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        The ISS Africa recommended that policymakers \"ramp up digital literacy training for citizens,\" while international donors should support \"credible independent news outlets\" and fund research into foreign interference.29<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        But the challenge extends beyond elections. The July 2021 riots that followed Zuma's imprisonment for contempt of court killed more than 350 people. A Human Rights Commission investigation found that social media platforms \"were utilised by individuals and specific groups to organise and aid in the spread of the unrest... strategically spreading misinformation and disinformation, and mobilising and celebrating looting and violence.\"30<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n

        South Africa's experience offers a warning: information operations don't just influence elections. They can shape a nation's trajectory for decades, exploiting historical wounds, amplifying division, and making democratic governance itself harder to sustain.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\nSources<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\r\nAdditional Reading<\/strong>\r\n